“Iran's oil industry began in 1901, when British speculator William
D'Arcy received a concession from Iran to explore and develop southern
Iran's oil resources. The exploration in Iran was led by George Reynolds. The
discovery of oil on May 26, 1908, led to the formation in 1909 of the
London-based Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC). By purchasing a
majority of the company's shares in 1914, the British government gained direct
control of the Iranian oil industry, which it would not relinquish for 37
years. After 1935 the APOC was called the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC).
A 60-year agreement signed in 1933 established a flat payment to Iran of four
British pounds for every ton of crude oil exported and denied Iran any right to
control oil exports.
In 1950, ongoing popular demand prompted a vote in the Parliament to
nationalize the petroleum industry. In 1951, the government of Prime
Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq formed the National Iranian Oil
Company (NIOC). A 1953 coup d'état led by British and U.S.
intelligence agencies ousted the Mosaddeq government and paved the way for
a new oil agreement. In 1954, a new agreement divided
profits equally between the NIOC and a multinational consortium that had
replaced the AIOC, which at this time had been renamed The British
Petroleum Company. In 1973, after the Shah threatened that the agreement would
not be extended unless the consortium doubled oil production or handing over
oil production entirely to Iranians, Iran signed a new 20-year concession
with the consortium, which handed over oil production entirely to NIOC while
giving the consortium privileged priority to purchase oil from NIOC.[5]
Beginning in the late 1950s, many of Iran's international
oil agreements did not produce the expected outcomes. Even those oil companies
that managed to extract oil in their designated areas contributed very little
to the country's total oil production. By the time of the Islamic
Revolution of 1978–79, the five largest international companies that had
agreements with the NIOC accounted for only 10.4 percent of total oil
production. During this period, Iran's oil industry remained
disconnected from other industries, particularly manufacturing. This separation
promoted inefficiencies in the country's overall industrial economy. “
**
In Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and
other Abrahamic religions, Gabriel or Cebrail
in some cultures, is an archangel with the power to announce God's
will to humankind as the messenger of God. He is mentioned in the Hebrew
Bible, the New Testament and the Quran.
Islam regards Gabriel as an archangel sent by God to various
prophets, including Muhammad.
Is this the split Judaism and Islam.
**
Israel and the United States have a good history, a peaceful
history. Israel was helped by most of the world, and some had an idea of giving the Jewish
people a home but some countries hated the idea of giving a large portion of
land in the middle east to Jewish people that were almost destroyed by Germany
in the Second World War Ovens.
Where was their home?
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